Gloved hand pruning plants in fall - 1
    1. Most Herbaceous Perennials
    1. Lavender and Rosemary
    1. Summer-Fruiting Berries
    1. Knock Out Roses
    1. Southern Magnolia
    1. Gardenia
    1. Panicle and Smooth Hydrangeas
    1. Shrubs and Trees with Suckers
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Mary Ellen Ellis has been gardening for over 20 years. With degrees in Chemistry and Biology, Mary Ellen’s specialties are flowers, native plants, and herbs.

close up of bougainvillea blooms - 2
  • Can a Bougainvillea Stay Outside in Winter?
  • Is Winterizing Necessary?
  • Bougainvillea Winter Care
  • What to Do in Spring
  • FAQ

Teo Spengler is a master gardener and a docent at the San Francisco Botanical Garden, where she hosts public tours. She has studied horticulture and written about nature, trees, plants, and gardening for more than two decades, following a career as an attorney and legal writer. Her extended family includes some 30 houseplants and hundreds of outdoor plants, including 250 trees, which are her main passion. Spengler currently splits her life between San Francisco and the French Basque Country, though she was raised in Alaska, giving her experience of gardening in a range of climates.